Copyright © 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 The FreeBSD Documentation Project
$FreeBSD: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/committers-guide/article.xml
40714 2013-01-22 01:44:48Z gjb $
FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation.
Coverity is a registered trademark; Coverity Extend, Coverity Prevent and Coverity Prevent SQS are trademarks of Coverity, Inc.
CVSup is a registered trademark of John D. Polstra.
IBM, AIX, EtherJet, Netfinity, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, and ThinkPad are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both.
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Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this document, and the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the designations have been followed by the “™” or the “®” symbol.
This document provides information for the FreeBSD committer community. All new committers should read this document before they start, and existing committers are strongly encouraged to review it from time to time.
Almost all FreeBSD developers have commit rights to one or more repositories. However, a few developers do not, and some of the information here applies to them as well. (For instance, some people only have rights to work with the Problem Report database). Please see Section 14 for more information.
This document may also be of interest to members of the FreeBSD community who want to learn more about how the project works.
| Login Methods | ssh(1), protocol 2 only |
| Main Shell Host | freefall.FreeBSD.org |
| src/ Subversion Root | svn+ssh://svn.FreeBSD.org/base (see also Section 3). |
| doc/ Subversion Root | svn+ssh://svn.FreeBSD.org/doc (see also Section 3). |
| ports/ Subversion Root | svn+ssh://svn.FreeBSD.org/ports (see also Section 3). |
| Internal Mailing Lists | developers (technically called all-developers), doc-developers, doc-committers, ports-developers, ports-committers, src-developers, src-committers. (Each project repository has its own -developers and -committers mailing lists. Archives for these lists may be found in files /home/mail/repository-name-developers-archive and /home/mail/repository-name-committers-archive on the FreeBSD.org cluster.) |
| Core Team monthly reports | /home/core/public/monthly-reports on the FreeBSD.org cluster. |
| Ports Management Team monthly reports | /home/portmgr/public/monthly-reports on the FreeBSD.org cluster. |
| Noteworthy src/ SVN Branches | stable/7 (7.X-STABLE), stable/8 (8.X-STABLE), stable/9 (9.X-STABLE), head (-CURRENT) |
It is required that you use ssh(1) to connect to the project hosts. If you do not know anything about ssh(1), please see Section 9.
Useful links:
The FreeBSD repository has a number of components which, when combined, support the basic operating system source, documentation, third party application ports infrastructure, and various maintained utilities. When FreeBSD commit bits are allocated, the areas of the tree where the bit may be used are specified. Generally, the areas associated with a bit reflect who authorized the allocation of the commit bit. Additional areas of authority may be added at a later date: when this occurs, the committer should follow normal commit bit allocation procedures for that area of the tree, seeking approval from the appropriate entity and possibly getting a mentor for that area for some period of time.
| Committer Type | Responsible | Tree Components |
| src | core@ | src/, doc/ subject to appropriate review |
| doc | doceng@ | doc/, src/ documentation |
| ports | portmgr@ | ports/ |
Commit bits allocated prior to the development of the notion of areas of authority may be appropriate for use in many parts of the tree. However, common sense dictates that a committer who has not previously worked in an area of the tree seek review prior to committing, seek approval from the appropriate responsible party, and/or work with a mentor. Since the rules regarding code maintenance differ by area of the tree, this is as much for the benefit of the committer working in an area of less familiarity as it is for others working on the tree.
Committers are encouraged to seek review for their work as part of the normal development process, regardless of the area of the tree where the work is occurring.
doc committers may commit documentation changes to src files, such as man pages, READMEs, fortune databases, calendar files, and comment fixes without approval from a src committer, subject to the normal care and tending of commits.
doc committers may commit minor src changes and fixes, such as build fixes, small features, etc, with an "Approved by" from a src committer.
doc committers may seek an upgrade to a src commit bit by acquiring a mentor, who will propose the doc committer to core. When approved, they will be added to 'access' and the normal mentoring period will ensue, which will involve a continuing of “Approved by” for some period.
"Approved by" is only acceptable from non-mentored src committers -- mentored committers can provide a "Reviewed by" but not an "Approved by".
It is assumed that you are already familiar with the basic operation of the version control systems in use. Traditionally this was CVS. Subversion is used for the src tree as of May 2008, the doc/www tree as of May 2012 and the ports tree as of July 2012.
There is a list of things missing in Subversion when compared to CVS . The notes at http://people.freebsd.org/~peter/svn_notes.txt might also be useful.
The FreeBSD source repository switched from CVS to Subversion on May 31st, 2008. The first real SVN commit is r179447.
The FreeBSD doc/www repository switched from CVS to Subversion on May 19th, 2012. The first real SVN commit is r38821.
Note: Part of the doc/www CVS to SVN conversion included an infrastructural change to the build process. The most notable change is the location of the FreeBSD website www tree, which has been moved from www/lang/ to head/lang/htdocs/.
The FreeBSD ports repository switched from CVS to Subversion on July 14th, 2012. The first real SVN commit is r300894.
There are mechanisms in place to automatically merge changes back from the Subversion repository to the CVS one, so regular users should not notice a difference, however developers most certainly will.
Subversion is not that different from CVS when it comes to daily use, but there are differences. Subversion has a number of features that should make developers' lives easier. The most important advantage to Subversion (and the reason why FreeBSD switched) is that it handles branches and merging much better than CVS does. Some of the principal differences are:
Commits are atomic.
Revision numbers apply across the repository—all files that were modified in the same commit have the same revision number.
Branching and tagging are namespace operations.
Directories are versioned.
Files and directories can have arbitrary, versioned metadata attached to them.
Files and directories can be copied, with full history tracking.
No more contortions due to CVS weakness such as applying patch(1) files at compile time in order to avoid touching vendor branch code.
No more repo-copies.
Subversion can be installed from the FreeBSD Ports Collection, by issuing the following commands:
# cd /usr/ports/devel/subversion # make clean install
There are a few ways to obtain a working copy of the tree from Subversion. This section will explain them.
The first is to check out directly from the main repository. For the src tree, use:
% svn checkout svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/head /usr/src
For the doc tree, use:
% svn checkout svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/doc/head /usr/doc
For the ports tree, use:
% svn checkout svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/ports/head /usr/ports
Note: Though the remaining examples in this document are written with the workflow of working with the src tree in mind, the underlying concepts are the same for working with the doc and the ports tree. Ports related Subversion operations are listed in Section 13.
The above command will check out a CURRENT source tree as /usr/src/, which can be any target directory on the local filesystem. Omitting the final argument of that command causes the working copy, in this case, to be named “head”, but that can be renamed safely.
svn+ssh means the SVN protocol tunnelled over SSH. The name of the server is svn.freebsd.org, base is the path to the repository, and head is the subdirectory within the repository.
If your FreeBSD login name is different from your login name on your local machine, you must either include it in the URL (for example svn+ssh://jarjar@svn.freebsd.org/base/head), or add an entry to your ~/.ssh/config in the form:
Host svn.freebsd.org User jarjar
This is the simplest method, but it's hard to tell just yet how much load it will place on the repository. Subversion is much faster than CVS, however.
Note: The svn diff does not require access to the server as SVN stores a reference copy of every file in the working copy. This, however, means that Subversion working copies are very large in size.
You can check out a working copy from a mirror by simply substituting the mirror's URL for svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base. This can be an official mirror or a mirror you maintain yourself using svnsync or similar.
There is a serious disadvantage to this method: every time something is to be committed, a svn switch --relocate to the master repository has to be done, remembering to svn switch back to the mirror after the commit. Also, since svn switch only works between repositories that have the same UUID, some hacking of the local repository's UUID has to occur before it is possible to start using it.
Unlike with CVS and csup, the hassle of a local svnsync mirror probably is not worth it unless the network connectivity situation or other factors demand it. If it is needed, see the end of this chapter for information on how to set one up.
In svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base, base refers to the source tree. Similarly, ports refers to the ports tree, and so on. These are separate repositories with their own change number sequences, access controls and commit mail.
For the base repository, HEAD refers to the -CURRENT tree. For example, head/bin/ls is what would go into /usr/src/bin/ls in a release. Some other key locations are:
/stable/n which corresponds to RELENG_n.
/releng/n.n which corresponds to RELENG_n_n.
/release/n.n.n which corresponds to RELENG_n_n_n_RELEASE.
/vendor* is the vendor branch import work area. This directory itself does not contain branches, however its subdirectories do. This contrasts with the stable, releng and release directories.
/projects and /user feature a branch work area, like in Perforce. As above, the /user directory does not contain branches itself.
In svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/doc, doc refers repository root of the source tree.
In general, most FreeBSD Documentation Project work will be done within the head/ branch of the source tree.
FreeBSD documentation is written and/or translated to various languages, each of which within a separate directory within the head/ branch.
Each translation set contains several subdirectories for the various parts of the FreeBSD Documentation Project. A few noteworthy directories are:
/articles/ contains the source code for articles written by various FreeBSD contributors.
/books/ contains the source code for the different books, such as the FreeBSD Handbook.
/htdocs/ contains the source code for the FreeBSD website.
In svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/ports, ports refers repository root of the ports tree.
In general, most FreeBSD port work will be done within the head/ branch of the ports tree which is the actual ports tree used to install software. Some other key locations are:
/branches/RELENG_n_n_n which corresponds to RELENG_n_n_n is used to merge back security updates in preparation for a release.
/tags/RELEASE_n_n_n which corresponds to RELEASE_n_n_n represents a release tag of the ports tree.
/tags/RELEASE_n_EOL represents the end of life tag of a specific FreeBSD branch.
This section will explain how to perform common day-to-day operations with Subversion. There should be no difference between SVN and SVK in daily use, except for the revision renumbering mentioned earlier.
Both SVN and SVK have built in help documentation. It can be accessed by typing the following command:
% svn help
As seen earlier, to check out the FreeBSD head branch:
% svn checkout svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/head /usr/src
At some point, more than just HEAD will probably be useful, for instance when merging changes to stable/7. Therefore, it may be useful to have a partial checkout of the complete tree (a full checkout would be very painful).
To do this, first check out the root of the repository:
% svn checkout --depth=immediates svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base
This will give base with all the files it contains (at the time of writing, just ROADMAP.txt) and empty subdirectories for head, stable, vendor and so on.
Expanding the working copy is possible. Just change the depth of the various subdirectories:
% svn up --set-depth=infinity base/head % svn up --set-depth=immediates base/release base/releng base/stable
The above command will pull down a full copy of head, plus empty copies of every release tag, every releng branch, and every stable branch.
If at a later date merging to 7-STABLE is required, expand the working copy:
% svn up --set-depth=infinity base/stable/7
Subtrees do not have to be expanded completely. For instance, expanding only stable/7/sys and then later expand the rest of stable/7:
% svn up --set-depth=infinity base/stable/7/sys % svn up --set-depth=infinity base/stable/7
Updating the tree with svn update will only update what was previously asked for (in this case, head and stable/7; it will not pull down the whole tree.
Note: Decreasing the depth of a working copy is not possible.
It is possible to anonymously check out the FreeBSD repository with Subversion. This will give access to a read-only tree that can be updated, but not committed to. To do this, use one of the following commands:
% svn co svn://svn.freebsd.org/base/head /usr/src % svn co http://svn.freebsd.org/base/head /usr/src
To update a working copy to either the latest revision, or a specific revision:
% svn update % svn update -r12345
To view the local changes that have been made to the working copy:
% svn status
To show local changes and files that are out-of-date do:
% svn status --show-updates
Unlike Perforce, SVN and SVK do not need to be told in advance about file editing.
svn commit works like the equivalent CVS command. To commit all changes in the current directory and all subdirectories:
% svn commit
To commit all changes in, for example, lib/libfetch/ and usr/bin/fetch/ in a single operation:
% svn commit lib/libfetch usr/bin/fetch
There is also a commit wrapper for the ports tree to handle the properties and sanity checking your changes:
% /usr/ports/Tools/scripts/psvn commit
Note: Before adding files, get a copy of auto-props.txt (there is also a ports tree specific version) and add it to ~/.subversion/config according to the instructions in the file. If you added something before you've read this, you may use svn rm --keep-local for just added files, fix your config file and re-add them again. The initial config file is created when you first run a svn command, even something as simple as svn help.
Files are added to a SVN repository with svn add. To add a file named foo, edit it, then:
% svn add foo
Files can be removed with svn remove:
% svn remove foo
Subversion does not require rming the file before svn rming it, and indeed complains if that happens.
It is possible to add directories with svn add:
% mkdir bar % svn add bar
Although svn mkdir makes this easier by combining the creation of the directory and the adding of it:
% svn mkdir bar
The directory is not immediately created in the repository when you use svn mkdir. Subversion allows directories to be removed using svn rm, however there is no svn rmdir:
% svn rm bar
The following (obviously) creates a copy of foo.c, named bar.c:
% svn copy foo.c bar.c
To move and rename a file:
% svn move foo.c bar.c
The above command is the exact equivalent of:
% svn copy foo.c bar.c % svn remove foo.c
svn log will show all the revisions that affect a directory and files within that directory in reverse chronological order, if run on a directory. This contrasts with cvs log in that CVS shows the complete log for each file in the directory, including duplicate entries for revisions that affect multiple files.
svn annotate, or equally svn praise or svn blame, is equivalent to cvs annotate in everything but output format.
svn diff displays changes to the working copy of the repository. Diffs generated by SVN are unified and include new files by default in the diff output.
svn diff can show the changes between two revisions of the same file:
% svn diff -r179453:179454 ROADMAP.txt
It can also show all changes for a specific changeset. The following will show what changes were made to the current directory and all subdirectories in changeset 179454:
% svn diff -c179454 .
Local changes (including additions and deletions) can be reverted using svn revert. It does not update out-of-date files—it just replaces them with pristine copies of the original version.
If a svn update resulted in a merge conflict, Subversion will remember which files have conflicts and refuse to commit any changes to those files until explicitly told that the conflicts have been resolved. The simple, not yet deprecated procedure is the following:
% svn resolved foo
However, the preferred procedure is:
% svn resolve --accept=working foo
The two examples are equivalent. Possible values for --accept are:
working: use the version in your working directory (which one presumes has been edited to resolve the conflicts).
base: use a pristine copy of the version you had before svn update, discarding your own changes, the conflicting changes, and possibly other intervening changes as well.
mine-full: use what you had before svn update, including your own changes, but discarding the conflicting changes, and possibly other intervening changes as well.
theirs-full: use the version that was retrieved when you did svn update, discarding your own changes.
The equivalent to cvs checkout -l, which checks out a directory without its subdirectories, is svn checkout -N. Unlike CVS, SVN remembers the -N so that a svn update does not end up pulling down the subdirectories. In Subversion 1.5 and newer, -N has been deprecated in favour of the --depth option which allows for precise control. Therefore:
% svn checkout -N svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base ~/freebsd
is equivalent to:
% svn checkout --depth=empty svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base ~/freebsd
Valid arguments to --depth are:
empty: the directory itself without any of its contents.
files: the directory and any files it contains.
immediates: the directory and any files and directories it contains, but none of the subdirectories' contents.
infinity: anything.
The --depth option applies to many other commands, including svn commit, svn revert, and svn diff.
Since --depth is sticky, there is a --set-depth option for svn update that will change the selected depth. Thus, given the working copy produced by the previous example:
% cd ~/freebsd % svn update --set-depth=immediates .
The above command will populate the working copy in ~/freebsd with ROADMAP.txt and empty subdirectories, and nothing will happen when svn update is executed on the subdirectories. However, the following command will set the depth for head (in this case) to infinity, and fully populate it:
% svn update --set-depth=infinity head
Certain operations can be performed directly on the repository, without touching the working copy. Specifically, this applies to any operation that does not require editing a file, including:
log, diff.
mkdir.
remove, copy, rename.
propset, propedit, propdel.
merge.
Branching is very fast. The following command would be used to branch RELENG_8:
% svn copy svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/head svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/stable/8
This is equivalent to the following set of commands which take minutes and hours as opposed to seconds, depending on your network connection:
% svn checkout --depth=immediates svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base % cd base % svn update --depth=infinity head % svn copy head stable/8 % svn commit stable/8
This section deals with merging code from one branch to another (typically, from head to a stable branch).
Note: In all examples below, $FSVN refers to the location of the FreeBSD Subversion repository, svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/.
From the user's perspective, merge tracking information (or mergeinfo) is stored in a property called svn:mergeinfo, which is a comma-separated list of revisions and ranges of revisions that have been merged. When set on a file, it applies only to that file. When set on a directory, it applies to that directory and its descendants (files and directories) except for those that have their own svn:mergeinfo.
It is not inherited. For instance, stable/6/contrib/openpam/ does not implicitly inherit mergeinfo from stable/6/, or stable/6/contrib/. Doing so would make partial checkouts very hard to manage. Instead, mergeinfo is explicitly propagated down the tree. For merging something into branch/foo/bar/, the following rules apply:
If branch/foo/bar/ doesn't already have a mergeinfo record, but a direct ancestor (for instance, branch/foo/) does, then that record will be propagated down to branch/foo/bar/ before information about the current merge is recorded.
Information about the current merge will not be propagated back up that ancestor.
If a direct descendant of branch/foo/bar/ (for instance, branch/foo/bar/baz/) already has a mergeinfo record, information about the current merge will be propagated down to it.
If you consider the case where a revision changes several separate parts of the tree (for example, branch/foo/bar/ and branch/foo/quux/), but you only want to merge some of it (for example, branch/foo/bar/), you will see that these rules make sense. If mergeinfo was propagated up, it would seem like that revision had also been merged to branch/foo/quux/, when in fact it had not been.
Because of mergeinfo propagation, it is important to choose the source and target for the merge carefully to minimise property changes on unrelated directories.
The rules for selecting the merge target (the directory that you will merge the changes to) can be summarized as follows:
Never merge directly to a file.
Never, ever merge directly to a file.
Never, ever, ever merge directly to a file.
Changes to kernel code should be merged to sys/. For instance, a change to the ichwd(4) driver should be merged to sys/, not sys/dev/ichwd/. Likewise, a change to the TCP/IP stack should be merged to sys/, not sys/netinet/.
Changes to code under etc/ should be merged at etc/, not below it.
Changes to vendor code (code in contrib/, crypto/ and so on) should be merged to the directory where vendor imports happen. For instance, a change to crypto/openssl/util/ should be merged to crypto/openssl/. This is rarely an issue, however, since changes to vendor code are usually merged wholesale.
Changes to userland programs should as a general rule be merged to the directory that contains the Makefile for that program. For instance, a change to usr.bin/xlint/arch/i386/ should be merged to usr.bin/xlint/.
Changes to userland libraries should as a general rule be merged to the directory that contains the Makefile for that library. For instance, a change to lib/libc/gen/ should be merged to lib/libc/.
There may be cases where it makes sense to deviate from the rules for userland programs and libraries. For instance, everything under lib/libpam/ is merged to lib/libpam/, even though the library itself and all of the modules each have their own Makefile.
Changes to manual pages should be merged to share/man/manN/, for the appropriate value of N.
Other changes to share/ should be merged to the appropriate subdirectory and not to share/ directly.
Changes to a top-level file in the source tree such as UPDATING or Makefile.inc1 should be merged directly to that file rather than to the root of the whole tree. Yes, this is an exception to the first three rules.
When in doubt, ask.
If you need to merge changes to several places at once (for instance, changing a kernel interface and every userland program that uses it), merge each target separately, then commit them together. For instance, if you merge a revision that changed a kernel API and updated all the userland bits that used that API, you would merge the kernel change to sys, and the userland bits to the appropriate userland directories, then commit all of these in one go.
The source will almost invariably be the same as the target. For instance, you will always merge stable/7/lib/libc/ from head/lib/libc/. The only exception would be when merging changes to code that has moved in the source branch but not in the parent branch. For instance, a change to pkill(1) would be merged from bin/pkill/ in head to usr.bin/pkill/ in stable/7.
Because of the mergeinfo propagation issues described earlier, it is very important that you never merge changes into a sparse working copy. You must always have a full checkout of the branch you will merge into. For instance, when merging from HEAD to 7, you must have a full checkout of stable/7:
% cd stable/7 % svn up --set-depth=infinity
The target directory must also be up-to-date and must not contain any uncommitted changes or stray files.
Identifying revisions to be merged is a must. If the target already has complete mergeinfo, ask SVN for a list:
% cd stable/6/contrib/openpam % svn mergeinfo --show-revs=eligible $FSVN/head/contrib/openpam
If the target does not have complete mergeinfo, check the log for the merge source.
Now, let's start merging!
Say you would like to merge:
revision $R.
in directory $target in stable branch $B.
from directory $source in head.
$FSVN is svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base.
Assuming that revisions $P and $Q have already been merged, and that the current directory is an up-to-date working copy of stable/$B, the existing mergeinfo looks like this:
% svn propget svn:mergeinfo -R $target $target - /head/$source:$P,$Q
Merging is done like so:
% svn merge -c$R $FSVN/head/$source $target
Checking the results of this is possible with svn diff.
The svn:mergeinfo now looks like:
% svn propget svn:mergeinfo -R $target $target - head/$source:$P,$Q,$R
If the results are not exactly as shown, assistance may be required before committing as mistakes may have been made, or there may be something wrong with the existing mergeinfo, or there may be a bug in Subversion.
As a practical example, consider the following scenario: The changes to netmap.4 in r238987 is to be merged from CURRENT to 9-STABLE. The file resides in head/share/man/man4 and according to Section 3.4.3 this is also where to do the merge. Note that in this example all paths are relative to the top of the svn repository. for more information on the directory layout, see Section 3.2.3.
The first step is to inspect the existing mergeinfo.
% svn propget svn:mergeinfo -R stable/9/share/man/man4
Take a quick note of how it looks before moving on to the next step; doing the actual merge:
% svn merge -c r238987 svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/head/share/man/man4 stable/9/share/man/man4 --- Merging r238987 into 'stable/9/share/man/man4': U stable/9/share/man/man4/netmap.4 --- Recording mergeinfo for merge of r238987 into 'stable/9/share/man/man4': U stable/9/share/man/man4
Check that the revision number of the merged revision has been added. Once this is verified, the only thing left is the actual commit.
% svn commit stable/9/share/man/man4
As stated above, merging into the kernel is different from merging in the rest of the tree. In many ways merging to the kernel is simpler because there is always the same merge target (sys/).
Once svn merge has been executed, svn diff has to be run on the directory to check the changes. This may show some unrelated property changes, but these can be ignored. Next, build and test the kernel, and, once the tests are complete, commit the code as normal, making sure that the commit message starts with “Merge r226222 from head”, or similar.
As always, build world (or appropriate parts of it).
Check the changes with svn diff and svn stat. Make sure all the files that should have been added or deleted were in fact added or deleted.
Take a closer look at any property change (marked by a M in the second column of svn stat). Normally, no svn:mergeinfo properties should be anywhere except the target directory (or directories).
If something looks fishy, ask for help.
Make sure to commit a top level directory to have the mergeinfo included as well. Do not specify individual files on the command line. For more information about committing files in general, see the relevant section of this primer.
Important: Please read this entire section before starting a vendor import.
Note: Patches to vendor code fall into two categories:
Vendor patches: these are patches that have been issued by the vendor, or that have been extracted from the vendor's version control system, which address issues which in your opinion can't wait until the next vendor release.
FreeBSD patches: these are patches that modify the vendor code to address FreeBSD-specific issues.
The nature of a patch dictates where it should be committed:
Vendor patches should be committed to the vendor branch, and merged from there to head. If the patch addresses an issue in a new release that is currently being imported, it must not be committed along with the new release: the release must be imported and tagged first, then the patch can be applied and committed. There is no need to re-tag the vendor sources after committing the patch.
FreeBSD patches should be committed directly to head.
If importing for the first time after the switch to Subversion, flattening and cleaning up the vendor tree is necessary, as well as bootstrapping the merge history in the main tree.
During the conversion from CVS to Subversion, vendor branches were imported with the same layout as the main tree. This means that the pf vendor sources ended up in vendor/pf/dist/contrib/pf. The vendor source is best directly in vendor/pf/dist.
To flatten the pf tree:
% cd vendor/pf/dist/contrib/pf % svn mv $(svn list) ../.. % cd ../.. % svn rm contrib % svn propdel -R svn:mergeinfo . % svn commit
The propdel bit is necessary because starting with 1.5, Subversion will automatically add svn:mergeinfo to any directory that is copied or moved. In this case, as nothing is being merged from the deleted tree, they just get in the way.
Tags may be flattened as well (3, 4, 3.5 etc.); the procedure is exactly the same, only changing dist to 3.5 or similar, and putting the svn commit off until the end of the process.
The dist tree can be cleaned up as necessary. Disabling keyword expansion is recommended, as it makes no sense on unmodified vendor code and in some cases it can even be harmful. OpenSSH, for example, includes two files that originated with FreeBSD and still contain the original version tags. To do this:
% svn propdel svn:keywords -R . # svn commit
If importing for the first time after the switch to Subversion, bootstrap svn:mergeinfo on the target directory in the main tree to the revision that corresponds to the last related change to the vendor tree, prior to importing new sources:
% cd head/contrib/pf % svn merge --record-only svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/vendor/pf/dist@180876 . % svn commit
With two commits—one for the import itself and one for the tag—this step can optionally be repeated for every upstream release between the last import and the current import.
Unlike in CVS where only the needed parts were imported into the vendor tree to avoid bloating the main tree, Subversion is able to store a full distribution in the vendor tree. So, import everything, but merge only what is required.
A svn add is required to add any files that were added since the last vendor import, and svn rm is required to remove any that were removed since. Preparing sorted lists of the contents of the vendor tree and of the sources that are about to be imported is recommended, to facilitate the process.
% cd vendor/pf/dist % svn list -R | grep -v '/$' | sort >../old % cd ../pf-4.3 % find . -type f | cut -c 3- | sort >../new
With these two files, comm -23 ../old ../new will list removed files (files only in old), while comm -13 ../old ../new will list added files only in new.
Now, the sources must be copied into dist and the svn add and svn rm commands should be used as needed:
% cd vendor/pf/pf-4.3 % tar cf - . | tar xf - -C ../dist % cd ../dist % comm -23 ../old ../new | xargs svn rm % comm -13 ../old ../new | xargs svn --parents add
If any directories were removed, they will have to be svn rmed manually. Nothing will break if they are not, but they will remain in the tree.
Check properties on any new files. All text files should have svn:eol-style set to native. All binary files should have svn:mime-type set to application/octet-stream unless there is a more appropriate media type. Executable files should have svn:executable set to *. No other properties should exist on any file in the tree.
Committing is now possible, however it is good practice to make sure that everything is OK by using the svn stat and svn diff commands.
Once committed, vendor releases should be tagged for future reference. The best and quickest way to do this is directly in the repository:
% svn cp svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/vendor/pf/dist svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/vendor/pf/4.3
Once that is complete, svn up the working copy of vendor/pf to get the new tag, although this is rarely needed.
If creating the tag in the working copy of the tree, svn:mergeinfo results must be removed:
% cd vendor/pf % svn cp dist 4.3 % svn propdel svn:mergeinfo -R 4.3
% cd head/contrib/pf % svn up % svn merge --accept=postpone svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/vendor/pf/dist .
The --accept=postpone tells Subversion that it shouldn't complain because merge conflicts will be taken care of manually.
It is necessary to resolve any merge conflicts. This process is the same in SVN as in CVS.
Make sure that any files that were added or removed in the vendor tree have been properly added or removed in the main tree. To check diffs against the vendor branch:
% svn diff --no-diff-deleted --old=svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/vendor/pf/dist --new=.
The --no-diff-deleted tells Subversion not to complain about files that are in the vendor tree but not in the main tree, i.e., things that would have previously been removed before the vendor import, like for example the like the vendor's makefiles and configure scripts.
Using CVS, once a file was off the vendor branch, it was not able to be put back. With Subversion, there is no concept of on or off the vendor branch. If a file that previously had local modifications, to make it not show up in diffs in the vendor tree, all that has to be done is remove any left-over cruft like FreeBSD version tags, which is much easier.
If any changes are required for the world to build with the new sources, make them now, and keep testing until everything builds and runs perfectly.
Committing is now possible! Everything must be committed in one go. If done properly, the tree will move from a consistent state with old code, to a consistent state with new code.
This section is an example of importing and tagging byacc into head.
First, prepare the directory in vendor:
% svn co --depth immediates $FSVN/vendor % cd vendor % svn mkdir byacc % svn mkdir byacc/dist
Now, import the sources into the dist directory. Once the files are in place, svn add the new ones, then svn commit and tag the imported version. To save time and bandwidth, direct remote committing and tagging is possible:
% svn cp -m "Tag byacc 20120115" $FSVN/vendor/byacc/dist $FSVN/vendor/byacc/20120115
Due to this being a new file, copy it for the merge:
% svn cp -m "Import byacc to contrib" $FSVN/vendor/byacc/dist $FSVN/head/contrib/byacc
Working normally on newly imported sources is still possible.
Reverting a commit to a previous version is fairly easy:
% svn merge -r179454:179453 ROADMAP.txt % svn commit
Change number syntax, with negative meaning a reverse change, can also be used:
% svn merge -c -179454 ROADMAP.txt % svn commit
This can also be done directly in the repository:
% svn merge -r179454:179453 svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/ROADMAP.txt
Reverting the deletion of a file is slightly different. Copying the version of the file that predates the deletion is required. For example, to restore a file that was deleted in revision N, restore version N-1:
% svn copy svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/ROADMAP.txt@179454 % svn commit
or, equally:
% svn copy svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/ROADMAP.txt@179454 svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base
Do not simply recreate the file manually and svn add it—this will cause history to be lost.
While we can do surgery in an emergency, do not plan on having mistakes fixed behind the scenes. Plan on mistakes remaining in the logs forever. Be sure to check the output of svn status and svn diff before committing.
Mistakes will happen but, they can generally be fixed without disruption.
Take a case of adding a file in the wrong location. The right thing to do is to svn move the file to the correct location and commit. This causes just a couple of lines of metadata in the repository journal, and the logs are all linked up correctly.
The wrong thing to do is to delete the file and then svn add an independent copy in the correct location. Instead of a couple of lines of text, the repository journal grows an entire new copy of the file. This is a waste.
You probably do not want to do this unless there is a good reason for it. Such reasons might be to support many multiple local read-only client machines, or if your network bandwidth is limited. Starting a fresh mirror from empty would take a very long time. Expect a minimum of 10 hours for high speed connectivity. If you have international links, expect this to take 4 to 10 times longer.
A far better option is to grab a seed file. It is large (~1GB) but will consume less network traffic and take less time to fetch than a svnsync will. This is possible in one of the following three ways:
% rsync -va --partial --progress freefall:/home/peter/svnmirror-base-r179637.tbz2 .
% rsync -va --partial --progress rsync://repoman.freebsd.org:50873/svnseed/svnmirror-base-r215629.tar.xz .
% fetch ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/subversion/svnmirror-base-r221445.tar.xz
Once you have the file, extract it to somewhere like home/svnmirror/base/. Then, update it, so that it fetches changes since the last revision in the archive:
% svnsync sync file:///home/svnmirror/base
You can then set that up to run from cron(8), do checkouts locally, set up a svnserve server for your local machines to talk to, etc.
The seed mirror is set to fetch from svn://svn.freebsd.org/base. The configuration for the mirror is stored in revprop 0 on the local mirror. To see the configuration, try:
% svn proplist -v --revprop -r 0 file:///home/svnmirror/base
Use propset to change things.
Files that have high-ASCII bits are considered binary files in SVN, so the pre-commit checks fail and indicate that the mime-type property should be set to application/octet-stream. However, the use of this is discouraged, so please do not set it. The best way is always avoiding high-ASCII data, so that it can be read everywhere with any text editor but if it is not avoidable, instead of changing the mime-type, set the fbsd:notbinary property with propset:
% svn propset fbsd:notbinary yes foo.data
A project branch is one that's synced to head (or another branch) is used to develop a project then commit it back to head. In SVN, “dolphin” branching is used for this. A “dolphin” branch is one that diverges for a while and is finally committed back to the original branch. During development code migration in one direction (from head to the branch only). No code is committed back to head until the end. Once you commit back at the end, the branch is dead (although you can have a new branch with the same name after you delete the branch if you want).
As per http://people.freebsd.org/~peter/svn_notes.txt, work that is intended to be merged back into HEAD should be in base/projects/. If you are doing work that is beneficial to the FreeBSD community in some way but not intended to be merged directly back into HEAD then the proper location is base/user/your-name/. This page contains further details.
To create a project branch:
% svn copy svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/head svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/projects/spif
To merge changes from HEAD back into the project branch:
% cd copy_of_spif % svn merge svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/head % svn commit
It is important to resolve any merge conflicts before committing.
In commit logs etc., “rev 179872” should be spelled “r179872” as per convention.
Don't remove and re-add the same file in a single commit as this will break the CVS exporter.
Speeding up svn is possible by adding the following to ~/.ssh/config:
Host * ControlPath ~/.ssh/sockets/master-%l-%r@%h:%p ControlMaster auto ControlPersist yes
and then typing
mkdir ~/.ssh/sockets
Checking out a working copy with a stock Subversion client without FreeBSD-specific patches (OPTIONS_SET=FREEBSD_TEMPLATE) will mean that $FreeBSD$ tags will not be expanded. Once the correct version has been installed, trick Subversion into expanding them like so:
% svn propdel -R svn:keywords . % svn revert -R .
This will wipe out uncommitted patches.
As a new developer there are a number of things you should do first. The first set is specific to committers only. (If you are not a committer, e.g., have GNATS-only access, then your mentor needs to do these things for you.)
Note: The .ent, .xml, and .xml files listed below exist in the FreeBSD Documentation Project SVN repository at svn.FreeBSD.org/doc/.
If you have been given commit rights to one or more of the repositories:
Add your author entity to head/share/xml/authors.ent; this should be done first since an omission of this commit will cause the next commits to break the doc/ build.
This is a relatively easy task, but remains a good first test of your version control skills.
Important: New files that do not have the FreeBSD=%H svn:keywords property will be rejected when attempting to commit them to the repository. Be sure to read Section 3.3.7 regarding adding and removing files, in addition to verifying that ~/.subversion/config contains the necessary "auto-props" entries from auto-props.txt mentioned there.
Note: Don't forget to get mentor approval for these patches!
Also add your author entity to head/share/xml/developers.ent.
Add yourself to the “Developers” section of the Contributors List (head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/contributors/contrib.committers.xml) and remove yourself from the “Additional Contributors” section (head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/contributors/contrib.additional.xml). Please note that entries are sorted by last name.
Add an entry for yourself to head/share/xml/news.xml. Look for the other entries that look like “A new committer” and follow the format.
You should add your PGP or GnuPG key to head/share/pgpkeys (and if you do not have a key, you should create one). Do not forget to commit the updated head/share/pgpkeys/pgpkeys.ent and head/share/pgpkeys/pgpkeys-developers.xml. Please note that entries are sorted by last name.
Dag-Erling C. Smørgrav <des@FreeBSD.org> has written a shell
script (head/share/pgpkeys/addkey.sh) to make this extremely
simple. See the README file for more information.
Note: It is important to have an up-to-date PGP/GnuPG key in the Handbook, since the key may be required for positive identification of a committer, e.g., by the FreeBSD Administrators
<admins@FreeBSD.org>for account recovery. A complete keyring of FreeBSD.org users is available for download from http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/pgpkeyring.txt.
Add an entry for yourself to src/share/misc/committers-repository.dot, where repository is either doc, ports or src, depending on the commit privileges you obtained.
Some people add an entry for themselves to ports/astro/xearth/files/freebsd.committers.markers.
Some people add an entry for themselves to src/usr.bin/calendar/calendars/calendar.freebsd.
If you already have an account at the FreeBSD wiki, make sure your mentor moves you from the Contributors group to the Developers group. Otherwise, consider signing up for an account so you can publish projects and ideas you are working on.
Once you get access to the wiki, you may add yourself to the How We Got Here and Irc Nicks pages.
If you subscribe to svn-src-all, svn-ports-all or svn-doc-all, you will probably want to unsubscribe to avoid receiving duplicate copies of commit messages and their followups.
Note: All src commits should go to FreeBSD-CURRENT first before being merged to FreeBSD-STABLE. No major new features or high-risk modifications should be made to the FreeBSD-STABLE branch.
Whether or not you have commit rights:
Introduce yourself to the other developers, otherwise no one will have any idea who you are or what you are working on. You do not have to write a comprehensive biography, just write a paragraph or two about who you are and what you plan to be working on as a developer in FreeBSD. (You should also mention who your mentor will be). Email this to the FreeBSD developers mailing list and you will be on your way!
Log into hub.FreeBSD.org and create a /var/forward/user (where user is your username) file containing the e-mail address where you want mail addressed to yourusername@FreeBSD.org to be forwarded. This includes all of the commit messages as well as any other mail addressed to the FreeBSD committer's mailing list and the FreeBSD developers mailing list. Really large mailboxes which have taken up permanent residence on hub often get “accidentally” truncated without warning, so forward it or read it and you will not lose it.
Due to the severe load dealing with SPAM places on the central mail servers that do the mailing list processing the front-end server does do some basic checks and will drop some messages based on these checks. At the moment proper DNS information for the connecting host is the only check in place but that may change. Some people blame these checks for bouncing valid email. If you want these checks turned off for your email you can place a file named .spam_lover in your home directory on freefall.FreeBSD.org to disable the checks for your email.
Note: If you are a developer but not a committer, you will not be subscribed to the committers or developers mailing lists; the subscriptions are derived from the access rights.
All new developers also have a mentor assigned to them for the first few months. Your mentor is responsible for teaching you the rules and conventions of the project and guiding your first steps in the developer community. Your mentor is also personally responsible for your actions during this initial period.
For committers: until your mentor decides (and announces with a forced commit to access) that you have learned the ropes and are ready to commit on your own, you should not commit anything without first getting your mentor's review and approval, and you should document that approval with an Approved by: line in the commit message.
Currently the FreeBSD Project suggests and uses the following text as the preferred license scheme:
/*- * Copyright (c) [year] [your name] * All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF * SUCH DAMAGE. * * [id for your version control system, if any] */
The FreeBSD project strongly discourages the so-called "advertising clause" in new code. Due to the large number of contributors to the FreeBSD project, complying with this clause for many commercial vendors has become difficult. If you have code in the tree with the advertising clause, please consider removing it. In fact, please consider using the above license for your code.
The FreeBSD project discourages completely new licenses and variations on the standard
licenses. New licenses require the approval of <core@FreeBSD.org> to reside in the main
repository. The more different licenses that are used in the tree, the more problems that
this causes to those wishing to utilize this code, typically from unintended consequences
from a poorly worded license.
Project policy dictates that code under some non-BSD licenses must be placed only in specific sections of the repository, and in some cases, compilation must be conditional or even disabled by default. For example, the GENERIC kernel must be compiled under only licenses identical to or substantially similar to the BSD license. GPL, APSL, CDDL, etc, licensed software must not be compiled into GENERIC.
Developers are reminded that in open source, getting "open" right is just as important as getting "source" right, as improper handling of intellectual property has serious consequences. Any questions or concerns should immediately be brought to the attention of the core team.
If you are working directly on your own code or on code which is already well
established as your responsibility, then there is probably little need to check with
other committers before jumping in with a commit. If you see a bug in an area of the
system which is clearly orphaned (and there are a few such areas, to our shame), the same
applies. If, however, you are about to modify something which is clearly being actively
maintained by someone else (and it is only by watching the repository-committers mailing list that you can
really get a feel for just what is and is not) then consider sending the change to them
instead, just as you would have before becoming a committer. For ports, you should
contact the listed MAINTAINER in the Makefile. For other parts of the repository, if you are unsure who
the active maintainer might be, it may help to scan the revision history to see who has
committed changes in the past. Bill Fenner <fenner@FreeBSD.org> has written a nice
shell script that can help determine who the active maintainer might be. It lists each
person who has committed to a given file along with the number of commits each person has
made. It can be found on freefall at ~fenner/bin/whodid. If your queries go unanswered or the committer
otherwise indicates a lack of interest in the area affected, go ahead and commit it.
If you are unsure about a commit for any reason at all, have it reviewed by -hackers before committing. Better to have it flamed then and there rather than when it is part of the repository. If you do happen to commit something which results in controversy erupting, you may also wish to consider backing the change out again until the matter is settled. Remember – with a version control system we can always change it back.
Do not impugn the intentions of someone you disagree with. If they see a different solution to a problem than you, or even a different problem, it is not because they are stupid, because they have questionable parentage, or because they are trying to destroy your hard work, personal image, or FreeBSD, but simply because they have a different outlook on the world. Different is good.
Disagree honestly. Argue your position from its merits, be honest about any shortcomings it may have, and be open to seeing their solution, or even their vision of the problem, with an open mind.
Accept correction. We are all fallible. When you have made a mistake, apologize and get on with life. Do not beat up yourself, and certainly do not beat up others for your mistake. Do not waste time on embarrassment or recrimination, just fix the problem and move on.
Ask for help. Seek out (and give) peer reviews. One of the ways open source software is supposed to excel is in the number of eyeballs applied to it; this does not apply if nobody will review code.
The FreeBSD Project utilizes GNATS for tracking bugs and change requests. Be sure that if you commit a fix or suggestion found in a GNATS PR, you use edit-pr pr-number on freefall to close it. It is also considered nice if you take time to close any PRs associated with your commits, if appropriate. You can also make use of send-pr(1) yourself for proposing any change which you feel should probably be made, pending a more extensive peer-review first.
You can find out more about GNATS at:
You can run a local copy of GNATS, and then integrate the FreeBSD GNATS tree in to it using CVSup. Then you can run GNATS commands locally. This lets you query the PR database without needing to be connected to the Internet.
It is possible to mirror the GNATS database by adding this line to your supfile. Note that since GNATS is not under CVS control it has no tag, so if you are adding it to your existing supfile it should appear before any “tag=” entry as these remain active once set.
gnats release=current prefix=/usr
This will place the FreeBSD GNATS tree in /usr/gnats. You can use a refuse file to control which categories to receive. For example, to only receive docs PRs, put this line in /usr/local/etc/cvsup/sup/refuse[1].
Other than edit-pr there are a collection of tools in ~gnats/tools/ on freefall which can make working with PRs much easier.
open-pr, close-pr, take-pr, and feedback-pr take PR numbers as arguments and then ask you to select from a preexisting list of change reasons or let you type in your own.
change-pr is a multi purpose tool that lets you make multiple changes at the same time with one command.
For example, to assign PR 123456 to yourself type take-pr 123456. If you want to set the PR to patched awaiting an MFC at the same time use: change-pr -t -p -m "awaiting MFC" 123456
Besides the repository meisters, there are other FreeBSD project members and teams whom you will probably get to know in your role as a committer. Briefly, and by no means all-inclusively, these are:
<doceng@FreeBSD.org>doceng is the group responsible for the documentation build infrastructure, approving new documentation committers, and ensuring that the FreeBSD website and documentation on the FTP site is up to date with respect to the CVS tree. It is not a conflict resolution body. The vast majority of documentation related discussion takes place on the FreeBSD documentation project mailing list. More details regarding the doceng team can be found in its charter. Committers interested in contributing to the documentation should familiarize themselves with the Documentation Project Primer.
<ru@FreeBSD.org>Ruslan is Mister mdoc(7). If you are writing a manual page and need some advice on the structure, or the markup, ask Ruslan.
<bde@FreeBSD.org>Bruce is the Style Police-Meister. When you do a commit that could have been done better, Bruce will be there to tell you. Be thankful that someone is. Bruce is also very knowledgeable on the various standards applicable to FreeBSD.
<kib@FreeBSD.org>, Marc Fonvieille <blackend@FreeBSD.org>, Josh Paetzel
<jpaetzel@FreeBSD.org>, Hiroki Sato
<hrs@FreeBSD.org>, Ken Smith <kensmith@FreeBSD.org>These are the members of the Release Engineering Team <re@FreeBSD.org>. This team is
responsible for setting release deadlines and controlling the release process.
During code freezes, the release engineers have final authority on all changes to
the system for whichever branch is pending release status. If there is
something you want merged from FreeBSD-CURRENT to FreeBSD-STABLE (whatever values
those may have at any given time), these are the people to talk to about it.
Hiroki is also the keeper of the release documentation (src/release/doc/*). If you commit a change that you think is worthy of mention in the release notes, please make sure he knows about it. Better still, send him a patch with your suggested commentary.
<simon@FreeBSD.org>Simon is the FreeBSD Security
Officer and oversees the Security Officer Team <security-officer@FreeBSD.org>.
<wollman@FreeBSD.org>If you need advice on obscure network internals or are not sure of some potential change to the networking subsystem you have in mind, Garrett is someone to talk to. Garrett is also very knowledgeable on the various standards applicable to FreeBSD.
svn-src-all, svn-ports-all and svn-doc-all are the mailing lists that the version control system uses to send commit messages to. You should never send email directly to these lists. You should only send replies to this list when they are short and are directly related to a commit.
All committers are subscribed to -developers. This list was created to be a forum for the committers “community” issues. Examples are Core voting, announcements, etc.
The FreeBSD developers mailing list is for the exclusive use of FreeBSD committers. In order to develop FreeBSD, committers must have the ability to openly discuss matters that will be resolved before they are publicly announced. Frank discussions of work in progress are not suitable for open publication and may harm FreeBSD.
All FreeBSD committers are reminded to obey the copyright of the original author(s) of FreeBSD developers mailing list mail. Do not publish or forward messages from the FreeBSD developers mailing list outside the list membership without permission of all of the authors.
Copyright violators will be removed from the FreeBSD developers mailing list, resulting in a suspension of commit privileges. Repeated or flagrant violations may result in permanent revocation of commit privileges.
This list is not intended as a place for code reviews or a replacement for the FreeBSD architecture and design mailing list. In fact using it as such hurts the FreeBSD Project as it gives a sense of a closed list where general decisions affecting all of the FreeBSD using community are made without being “open”. Last, but not least never, never ever, email the FreeBSD developers mailing list and CC:/BCC: another FreeBSD list. Never, ever email another FreeBSD email list and CC:/BCC: the FreeBSD developers mailing list. Doing so can greatly diminish the benefits of this list.
If you do not wish to type your password in every time you use ssh(1), and you use RSA or DSA keys to authenticate, ssh-agent(1) is there for your convenience. If you want to use ssh-agent(1), make sure that you run it before running other applications. X users, for example, usually do this from their .xsession or .xinitrc file. See ssh-agent(1) for details.
Generate a key pair using ssh-keygen(1). The key pair will wind up in your $HOME/.ssh/ directory.
Send your public key ($HOME/.ssh/id_dsa.pub or $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub) to the person setting you up as a committer so it can be put into the yourlogin file in /etc/ssh-keys/ on freefall.
Now you should be able to use ssh-add(1) for authentication once per session. This will prompt you for your private key's pass phrase, and then store it in your authentication agent (ssh-agent(1)). If you no longer wish to have your key stored in the agent, issuing ssh-add -d will remove it.
Test by doing something such as ssh freefall.FreeBSD.org ls /usr.
For more information, see security/openssh, ssh(1), ssh-add(1), ssh-agent(1), ssh-keygen(1), and scp(1).
In January 2006, the FreeBSD Foundation obtained a license for Coverity Prevent® from Coverity® Ltd. With this donation, all FreeBSD developers can obtain access to Coverity Prevent analysis results of all FreeBSD Project software.
FreeBSD developers who are interested in obtaining access to the analysis results of the automated Coverity Prevent runs, can find out more by logging into freefall and reading the relevant bits of the files:
The license terms to which the FreeBSD developers will have to agree in order to use Coverity Prevent analysis results.
The announcement posted to the developers' mailing list of the FreeBSD Project. It contains useful information about the FreeBSD Foundation and Coverity Ltd., as well as signup information for registering with the Coverity Prevent installation of the FreeBSD Cluster.
After reading and understanding the license terms of coverity_license.txt, all FreeBSD developers who are interested in using the analysis results of Coverity Prevent should read this file.
A short guide about fixes which are committed to the FreeBSD source tree after being detected by Coverity Prevent and analyzed by a FreeBSD developer.
The FreeBSD Wiki includes a mini-guide for developers who are interested in working with the Coverity Prevent analysis reports: http://wiki.freebsd.org/CoverityPrevent. Please note that this mini-guide is only readable by FreeBSD developers, so if you cannot access this page, you will have to ask someone to add you to the appropriate Wiki access list.
Finally, all FreeBSD developers who are going to use Coverity Prevent are always encouraged to ask for more details and usage information, by posting any questions to the mailing list of the FreeBSD developers.
Respect other committers.
Respect other contributors.
Discuss any significant change before committing.
Respect existing maintainers (if listed in the MAINTAINER field in Makefile or in the MAINTAINER file in the top-level directory).
Any disputed change must be backed out pending resolution of the dispute if requested by a maintainer. Security related changes may override a maintainer's wishes at the Security Officer's discretion.
Changes go to FreeBSD-CURRENT before FreeBSD-STABLE unless specifically permitted by the release engineer or unless they are not applicable to FreeBSD-CURRENT. Any non-trivial or non-urgent change which is applicable should also be allowed to sit in FreeBSD-CURRENT for at least 3 days before merging so that it can be given sufficient testing. The release engineer has the same authority over the FreeBSD-STABLE branch as outlined for the maintainer in rule #5.
Do not fight in public with other committers; it looks bad. If you must “strongly disagree” about something, do so only in private.
Respect all code freezes and read the committers and developers mailing lists in a timely manner so you know when a code freeze is in effect.
When in doubt on any procedure, ask first!
Test your changes before committing them.
Do not commit to anything under the src/contrib, src/crypto, or src/sys/contrib trees without explicit approval from the respective maintainer(s).
As noted, breaking some of these rules can be grounds for suspension or, upon repeated offense, permanent removal of commit privileges. Individual members of core have the power to temporarily suspend commit privileges until core as a whole has the chance to review the issue. In case of an “emergency” (a committer doing damage to the repository), a temporary suspension may also be done by the repository meisters. Only a 2/3 majority of core has the authority to suspend commit privileges for longer than a week or to remove them permanently. This rule does not exist to set core up as a bunch of cruel dictators who can dispose of committers as casually as empty soda cans, but to give the project a kind of safety fuse. If someone is out of control, it is important to be able to deal with this immediately rather than be paralyzed by debate. In all cases, a committer whose privileges are suspended or revoked is entitled to a “hearing” by core, the total duration of the suspension being determined at that time. A committer whose privileges are suspended may also request a review of the decision after 30 days and every 30 days thereafter (unless the total suspension period is less than 30 days). A committer whose privileges have been revoked entirely may request a review after a period of 6 months has elapsed. This review policy is strictly informal and, in all cases, core reserves the right to either act on or disregard requests for review if they feel their original decision to be the right one.
In all other aspects of project operation, core is a subset of committers and is bound by the same rules. Just because someone is in core this does not mean that they have special dispensation to step outside any of the lines painted here; core's “special powers” only kick in when it acts as a group, not on an individual basis. As individuals, the core team members are all committers first and core second.
Respect other committers.
This means that you need to treat other committers as the peer-group developers that they are. Despite our occasional attempts to prove the contrary, one does not get to be a committer by being stupid and nothing rankles more than being treated that way by one of your peers. Whether we always feel respect for one another or not (and everyone has off days), we still have to treat other committers with respect at all times, on public forums and in private email.
Being able to work together long term is this project's greatest asset, one far more important than any set of changes to the code, and turning arguments about code into issues that affect our long-term ability to work harmoniously together is just not worth the trade-off by any conceivable stretch of the imagination.
To comply with this rule, do not send email when you are angry or otherwise behave in a manner which is likely to strike others as needlessly confrontational. First calm down, then think about how to communicate in the most effective fashion for convincing the other person(s) that your side of the argument is correct, do not just blow off some steam so you can feel better in the short term at the cost of a long-term flame war. Not only is this very bad “energy economics”, but repeated displays of public aggression which impair our ability to work well together will be dealt with severely by the project leadership and may result in suspension or termination of your commit privileges. The project leadership will take into account both public and private communications brought before it. It will not seek the disclosure of private communications, but it will take it into account if it is volunteered by the committers involved in the complaint.
All of this is never an option which the project's leadership enjoys in the slightest, but unity comes first. No amount of code or good advice is worth trading that away.
Respect other contributors.
You were not always a committer. At one time you were a contributor. Remember that at all times. Remember what it was like trying to get help and attention. Do not forget that your work as a contributor was very important to you. Remember what it was like. Do not discourage, belittle, or demean contributors. Treat them with respect. They are our committers in waiting. They are every bit as important to the project as committers. Their contributions are as valid and as important as your own. After all, you made many contributions before you became a committer. Always remember that.
Consider the points raised under 1 and apply them also to contributors.
Discuss any significant change before committing.
The repository is not where changes should be initially submitted for correctness or argued over, that should happen first in the mailing lists and the commit should only happen once something resembling consensus has been reached. This does not mean that you have to ask permission before correcting every obvious syntax error or manual page misspelling, simply that you should try to develop a feel for when a proposed change is not quite such a no-brainer and requires some feedback first. People really do not mind sweeping changes if the result is something clearly better than what they had before, they just do not like being surprized by those changes. The very best way of making sure that you are on the right track is to have your code reviewed by one or more other committers.
When in doubt, ask for review!
Respect existing maintainers if listed.
Many parts of FreeBSD are not “owned” in the sense that any specific individual will jump up and yell if you commit a change to “their” area, but it still pays to check first. One convention we use is to put a maintainer line in the Makefile for any package or subtree which is being actively maintained by one or more people; see http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook/policies.html for documentation on this. Where sections of code have several maintainers, commits to affected areas by one maintainer need to be reviewed by at least one other maintainer. In cases where the “maintainer-ship” of something is not clear, you can also look at the repository logs for the file(s) in question and see if someone has been working recently or predominantly in that area.
Other areas of FreeBSD fall under the control of someone who manages an overall category of FreeBSD evolution, such as internationalization or networking. See http://www.FreeBSD.org/administration.html for more information on this.
Any disputed change must be backed out pending resolution of the dispute if requested by a maintainer. Security related changes may override a maintainer's wishes at the Security Officer's discretion.
This may be hard to swallow in times of conflict (when each side is convinced that they are in the right, of course) but a version control system makes it unnecessary to have an ongoing dispute raging when it is far easier to simply reverse the disputed change, get everyone calmed down again and then try to figure out what is the best way to proceed. If the change turns out to be the best thing after all, it can be easily brought back. If it turns out not to be, then the users did not have to live with the bogus change in the tree while everyone was busily debating its merits. People very rarely call for back-outs in the repository since discussion generally exposes bad or controversial changes before the commit even happens, but on such rare occasions the back-out should be done without argument so that we can get immediately on to the topic of figuring out whether it was bogus or not.
Changes go to FreeBSD-CURRENT before FreeBSD-STABLE unless specifically permitted by the release engineer or unless they are not applicable to FreeBSD-CURRENT. Any non-trivial or non-urgent change which is applicable should also be allowed to sit in FreeBSD-CURRENT for at least 3 days before merging so that it can be given sufficient testing. The release engineer has the same authority over the FreeBSD-STABLE branch as outlined in rule #5.
This is another “do not argue about it” issue since it is the release engineer who is ultimately responsible (and gets beaten up) if a change turns out to be bad. Please respect this and give the release engineer your full cooperation when it comes to the FreeBSD-STABLE branch. The management of FreeBSD-STABLE may frequently seem to be overly conservative to the casual observer, but also bear in mind the fact that conservatism is supposed to be the hallmark of FreeBSD-STABLE and different rules apply there than in FreeBSD-CURRENT. There is also really no point in having FreeBSD-CURRENT be a testing ground if changes are merged over to FreeBSD-STABLE immediately. Changes need a chance to be tested by the FreeBSD-CURRENT developers, so allow some time to elapse before merging unless the FreeBSD-STABLE fix is critical, time sensitive or so obvious as to make further testing unnecessary (spelling fixes to manual pages, obvious bug/typo fixes, etc.) In other words, apply common sense.
Changes to the security branches (for example, RELENG_7_0) must be approved by a member of the Security
Officer Team <security-officer@FreeBSD.org>,
or in some cases, by a member of the Release Engineering Team <re@FreeBSD.org>.
Do not fight in public with other committers; it looks bad. If you must “strongly disagree” about something, do so only in private.
This project has a public image to uphold and that image is very important to all of us, especially if we are to continue to attract new members. There will be occasions when, despite everyone's very best attempts at self-control, tempers are lost and angry words are exchanged. The best thing that can be done in such cases is to minimize the effects of this until everyone has cooled back down. That means that you should not air your angry words in public and you should not forward private correspondence to public mailing lists or aliases. What people say one-to-one is often much less sugar-coated than what they would say in public, and such communications therefore have no place there - they only serve to inflame an already bad situation. If the person sending you a flame-o-gram at least had the grace to send it privately, then have the grace to keep it private yourself. If you feel you are being unfairly treated by another developer, and it is causing you anguish, bring the matter up with core rather than taking it public. Core will do its best to play peace makers and get things back to sanity. In cases where the dispute involves a change to the codebase and the participants do not appear to be reaching an amicable agreement, core may appoint a mutually-agreeable 3rd party to resolve the dispute. All parties involved must then agree to be bound by the decision reached by this 3rd party.
Respect all code freezes and read the committers and developers mailing list on a timely basis so you know when a code freeze is in effect.
Committing unapproved changes during a code freeze is a really big mistake and committers are expected to keep up-to-date on what is going on before jumping in after a long absence and committing 10 megabytes worth of accumulated stuff. People who abuse this on a regular basis will have their commit privileges suspended until they get back from the FreeBSD Happy Reeducation Camp we run in Greenland.
When in doubt on any procedure, ask first!
Many mistakes are made because someone is in a hurry and just assumes they know the right way of doing something. If you have not done it before, chances are good that you do not actually know the way we do things and really need to ask first or you are going to completely embarrass yourself in public. There is no shame in asking “how in the heck do I do this?” We already know you are an intelligent person; otherwise, you would not be a committer.
Test your changes before committing them.
This may sound obvious, but if it really were so obvious then we probably would not see so many cases of people clearly not doing this. If your changes are to the kernel, make sure you can still compile both GENERIC and LINT. If your changes are anywhere else, make sure you can still make world. If your changes are to a branch, make sure your testing occurs with a machine which is running that code. If you have a change which also may break another architecture, be sure and test on all supported architectures. Please refer to the FreeBSD Internal Page for a list of available resources. As other architectures are added to the FreeBSD supported platforms list, the appropriate shared testing resources will be made available.
Do not commit to anything under the src/contrib, src/crypto, and src/sys/contrib trees without explicit approval from the respective maintainer(s).
The trees mentioned above are for contributed software usually imported onto a vendor branch. Committing something there, even if it does not take the file off the vendor branch, may cause unnecessary headaches for those responsible for maintaining that particular piece of software. Thus, unless you have explicit approval from the maintainer (or you are the maintainer), do not commit there!
Please note that this does not mean you should not try to improve the software in question; you are still more than welcome to do so. Ideally, you should submit your patches to the vendor. If your changes are FreeBSD-specific, talk to the maintainer; they may be willing to apply them locally. But whatever you do, do not commit there by yourself!
Contact the FreeBSD core team if you wish to take up maintainership of an unmaintained part of the tree.
FreeBSD has added several new architecture ports during recent release cycles and is truly no longer an i386™ centric operating system. In an effort to make it easier to keep FreeBSD portable across the platforms we support, core has developed the following mandate:
Our 32-bit reference platform is i386, and our 64-bit reference platform is sparc64. Major design work (including major API and ABI changes) must prove itself on at least one 32-bit and at least one 64-bit platform, preferably the primary reference platforms, before it may be committed to the source tree.
The i386 and sparc64 platforms were chosen due to being more readily available to developers and as representatives of more diverse processor and system designs - big vs little endian, register file vs register stack, different DMA and cache implementations, hardware page tables vs software TLB management etc.
The ia64 platform has many of the same complications that sparc64 has, but is still limited in availability to developers.
We will continue to re-evaluate this policy as cost and availability of the 64-bit platforms change.
Developers should also be aware of our Tier Policy for the long term support of hardware architectures. The rules here are intended to provide guidance during the development process, and are distinct from the requirements for features and architectures listed in that section. The Tier rules for feature support on architectures at release-time are more strict than the rules for changes during the development process.
When committing documentation changes, use a spell checker before committing. For all SGML docs, you should also verify that your formatting directives are correct by running make lint.
For all on-line manual pages, run manck (from ports) over the manual page to verify all of the cross references and file references are correct and that the man page has all of the appropriate MLINKs installed.
Do not mix style fixes with new functionality. A style fix is any change which does not modify the functionality of the code. Mixing the changes obfuscates the functionality change when asking for differences between revisions, which can hide any new bugs. Do not include whitespace changes with content changes in commits to doc/ or www/. The extra clutter in the diffs makes the translators' job much more difficult. Instead, make any style or whitespace changes in separate commits that are clearly labeled as such in the commit message.
When it is necessary to remove functionality from software in the base system the following guidelines should be followed whenever possible:
Mention is made in the manual page and possibly the release notes that the option, utility, or interface is deprecated. Use of the deprecated feature generates a warning.
The option, utility, or interface is preserved until the next major (point zero) release.
The option, utility, or interface is removed and no longer documented. It is now obsolete. It is also generally a good idea to note its removal in the release notes.
FreeBSD is a highly portable operating system intended to function on many different types of hardware architectures. Maintaining clean separation of Machine Dependent (MD) and Machine Independent (MI) code, as well as minimizing MD code, is an important part of our strategy to remain agile with regards to current hardware trends. Each new hardware architecture supported by FreeBSD adds substantially to the cost of code maintenance, toolchain support, and release engineering. It also dramatically increases the cost of effective testing of kernel changes. As such, there is strong motivation to differentiate between classes of support for various architectures while remaining strong in a few key architectures that are seen as the FreeBSD "target audience".
The FreeBSD Project targets "production quality commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) workstation, server, and high-end embedded systems". By retaining a focus on a narrow set of architectures of interest in these environments, the FreeBSD Project is able to maintain high levels of quality, stability, and performance, as well as minimize the load on various support teams on the project, such as the ports team, documentation team, security officer, and release engineering teams. Diversity in hardware support broadens the options for FreeBSD consumers by offering new features and usage opportunities (such as support for 64-bit CPUs, use in embedded environments, etc.), but these benefits must always be carefully considered in terms of the real-world maintenance cost associated with additional platform support.
The FreeBSD Project differentiates platform targets into four tiers. Each tier includes a specification of the requirements for an architecture to be in that tier, as well as specifying the obligations of developers with regards to the platform. In addition, a policy is defined regarding the circumstances required to change the tier of an architecture.
Tier 1 platforms are fully supported by the security officer, release engineering, and toolchain maintenance staff. New features added to the operating system must be fully functional across all Tier 1 architectures for every release (features which are inherently architecture-specific, such as support for hardware device drivers, may be exempt from this requirement). In general, all Tier 1 platforms must have build and Tinderbox support either in the FreeBSD.org cluster, or be easily available for all developers. Embedded platforms may substitute an emulator available in the FreeBSD cluster for actual hardware.
Tier 1 architectures are expected to be Production Quality with respects to all aspects of the FreeBSD operating system, including installation and development environments.
Tier 1 architectures are expected to be completely integrated into the source tree and have all features necessary to produce an entire system relevant for that target architecture. Tier 1 architectures generally have at least 6 active developers.
Tier 1 architectures are expected to be fully supported by the ports system. All the ports should build on a Tier 1 platform, or have the appropriate filters to prevent the inappropriate ones from building there. The packaging system must support all Tier 1 architectures. To ensure an architecture's Tier 1 status, proponents of that architecture must show that all relevant packages can be built on that platform.
Tier 1 embedded architectures must be able to cross-build packages on at least one other Tier 1 architecture. The packages must be the most relevant for the platform, but may be a non-empty subset of those that build natively.
Tier 1 architectures must be fully documented. All basic operations need to be covered by the handbook or other documents. All relevant integration documentation must also be integrated into the tree, or readily available.
Current Tier 1 platforms are i386 and amd64.
Tier 2 platforms are not supported by the security officer and release engineering teams. Platform maintainers are responsible for toolchain support in the tree. The toolchain maintainer is expected to work with the platform maintainers to refine these changes. Major new toolchain components are allowed to break support for Tier 2 architectures if the FreeBSD-local changes have not been incorporated upstream. The toolchain maintainers are expected to provide prompt review of any proposed changes and cannot block, through their inaction, changes going into the tree. New features added to FreeBSD should be feasible to implement on these platforms, but an implementation is not required before the feature may be added to the FreeBSD source tree. New features that may be difficult to implement on Tier 2 architectures should provide a means of disabling them on those architectures. The implementation of a Tier 2 architecture may be committed to the main FreeBSD tree as long as it does not interfere with production work on Tier 1 platforms, or substantially with other Tier 2 platforms. Before a Tier 2 platform can be added to the FreeBSD base source tree, the platform must be able to boot multi-user on actual hardware. Generally, there must be at least three active developers working on the platform.
Tier 2 architectures are usually systems targeted at Tier 1 support, but that are still under development. Architectures reaching end of life may also be moved from Tier 1 status to Tier 2 status as the availability of resources to continue to maintain the system in a Production Quality state diminishes. Well supported niche architectures may also be Tier 2.
Tier 2 architectures may have some support for them integrated into the ports infrastructure. They may have cross compilation support added, at the discretion of portmgr. Some ports must built natively into packages if the package system supports that architecture. If not integrated into the base system, some external patches for the architecture for ports must be available.
Tier 2 architectures can be integrated into the FreeBSD handbook. The basics for how to get a system running must be documented, although not necessarily for every single board or system a Tier 2 architecture supports. The supported hardware list must exist and should be no more than a couple of months old. It should be integrated into the FreeBSD documentation.
Current Tier 2 platforms are arm, ia64, pc98, powerpc, and sparc64.
Tier 3 platforms are not supported by the security officer and release engineering teams. At the discretion of the toolchain maintainer, they may be supported in the toolchain. Tier 3 platforms are architectures in the early stages of development, for non-mainstream hardware platforms, or which are considered legacy systems unlikely to see broad future use. New Tier 3 systems will not be committed to the base source tree. Support for Tier 3 systems may be worked on in the FreeBSD Perforce Repository, providing source control and easier change integration from the main FreeBSD tree. Platforms that transition to Tier 3 status may be removed from the tree if they are no longer actively supported by the FreeBSD developer community at the discretion of the release engineer.
Tier 3 platforms may have ports support, either integrated or external, but do not require it.
Tier 3 platforms must have the basics documented for how to build a kernel and how to boot it on at least one target hardware or emulation environment. This documentation need not be integrated into the FreeBSD tree.
Current Tier 3 platforms are mips and S/390®.
Tier 4 systems are not supported in any form by the project.
All systems not otherwise classified into a support tier are Tier 4 systems.
Systems may only be moved from one tier to another by approval of the FreeBSD Core Team, which shall make that decision in collaboration with the Security Officer, Release Engineering, and toolchain maintenance teams.
First, please read the section about repository copies.
The easiest way to add a new port is to use the addport
script from your machine (located in the ports/Tools/scripts directory). It will add a port from the
directory you specify, determining the category automatically from the port
Makefile. It will also add an entry to the port's
category Makefile. It was written by Michael Haro <mharo@FreeBSD.org>,
Will Andrews <will@FreeBSD.org>, and Renato Botelho <garga@FreeBSD.org>.
When sending questions about this script to the FreeBSD
ports mailing list, please also CC Chris Rees <crees@FreeBSD.org>, the current
maintainer.
Check the port, preferably to make sure it compiles and packages correctly. This is the recommended sequence:
# make install # make package # make deinstall # pkg_add package you built above # make deinstall # make reinstall # make package
The Porters Handbook contains more detailed instructions.
Use portlint(1) to check the syntax of the port. You do not necessarily have to eliminate all warnings but make sure you have fixed the simple ones.
If the port came from a submitter who has not contributed to the Project before, add that person's name to the Additional Contributors section of the FreeBSD Contributors List.
Close the PR if the port came in as a PR. To close a PR, just do edit-pr PR# on freefall and change the state from
open to closed. You
will be asked to enter a log message and then you are done.
First, please read the section about repository copies. Before you remove the port, you have to verify there are no other ports depending on it.
Make sure there is no dependency on the port in the ports collection:
The port's PKGNAME should appear in exactly one line in a recent INDEX file.
No other ports should contain any reference to the port's directory or PKGNAME in their Makefiles
Then, remove the port:
Remove the port's files via svn remove.
Remove the SUBDIR listing of the port in the parent directory Makefile.
Add an entry to ports/MOVED.
Remove the port from ports/LEGAL if it is there.
Alternatively, you can use the rmport script, from ports/Tools/scripts. This script was written by Vasil Dimov
<vd@FreeBSD.org>.
When sending questions about this script to the FreeBSD
ports mailing list, please also CC Chris Rees <crees@FreeBSD.org>, the current
maintainer.
This is essentially the reverse of deleting a port.
Figure out when the port was removed. Use this list and then copy the last living revision of the port:
% cd /usr/ports/category
% svn cp 'svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/ports/category/portname/@{YYYY-MM-DD}' portname
Pick a date that is before the removal but after the last true
commit.Perform whatever changes are necessary to make the port work again. If it was deleted because the distfiles are no longer available you will need to volunteer to host them yourself, or find someone else to do so.
svn add or svn remove any appropriate files.
Restore the SUBDIR listing of the port in the parent directory Makefile, and delete the entry from ports/MOVED.
If the port had an entry in ports/LEGAL, restore it.
svn commit these changes, preferably in one step.
Tip: addport now detects when the port to add has previously existed, and should handle all except the ports/LEGAL step automatically.
When you want to add a port that is related to any port that is already in the tree in a separate directory, you have to do a repository copy. Here related means it is a different version or a slightly modified version. Examples are print/ghostscript* (different versions) and x11-wm/windowmaker* (English-only and internationalized version).
Another example is when a port is moved from one subdirectory to another, or when you want to change the name of a directory because the author(s) renamed their software even though it is a descendant of a port already in a tree.
With Subversion, a repo copy can be done by any committer:
Doing a repo copy:
First make sure that you were using an up to date ports tree and the target directory does not exist.
Use svn move or svn copy to do the repo copy.
Upgrade the copied port to the new version. Remember to change the LATEST_LINK so there are no duplicate ports with the same name. In some rare cases it may be necessary to change the PORTNAME instead of LATEST_LINK, but this should only be done when it is really needed — e.g., using an existing port as the base for a very similar program with a different name, or upgrading a port to a new upstream version which actually changes the distribution name, like the transition from textproc/libxml to textproc/libxml2. In most cases, changing LATEST_LINK should suffice.
Add the new subdirectory to the SUBDIR listing in the parent directory Makefile. You can run make checksubdirs in the parent directory to check this.
If the port changed categories, modify the CATEGORIES line of the port's Makefile accordingly
Add an entry to ports/MOVED, if you remove the original port.
Commit all changes on one commit. A forced commit is no longer needed with Subversion.
When removing a port:
Perform a thorough check of the ports collection for any dependencies on the old port location/name, and update them. Running grep on INDEX is not enough because some ports have dependencies enabled by compile-time options. A full grep -r of the ports collection is recommended.
Remove the old port and the old SUBDIR entry.
Add an entry to ports/MOVED.
After repo moves (“rename” operations where a port is copied and the old location is removed):
Follow the same steps that are outlined in the previous two entries, to activate the new location of the port and remove the old one.
Before a release, it is necessary to restrict commits to the ports tree for a short period of time while the packages and the release itself are being built. This is to ensure consistency among the various parts of the release, and is called the “ports freeze”.
For more information on the background and policies surrounding a ports freeze, see the Portmgr Quality Assurance page.
During a release cycle the ports tree may be in a “slush” state instead of in a hard freeze. The goal during a slush is to reach a stable ports tree to avoid rebuilding large sets of packages for the release and to tag the tree. During this time “sweeping changes” are prohibited unless specifically permitted by portmgr. Complete details about what qualifies as a sweeping change can be found on the Portmgr Implementation page.
The benefit of a slush as opposed to a complete freeze is that it allows maintainers to continue adding new ports, making routine version updates, and bug fixes to most existing ports, as long as the number of affected ports is minimal. For example, updating the shared library version on a port that many other ports depend on.
A freeze only lasts long enough to tag the tree. A slush usually lasts a week or two, but may last longer.
During a ports freeze, you are not allowed to commit anything to the tree without explicit approval from the Ports Management Team. “Explicit approval” here means that you send a patch to the Ports Management Team for review and get a reply saying, “Go ahead and commit it.”
Not everything is allowed to be committed during a freeze. Please see the Portmgr Quality Assurance page for more information.
Note that you do not have implicit permission to fix a port during the freeze just because it is broken.
During a ports slush, you are still allowed to commit but you must exercise more caution in what you commit. Furthermore a special note (typically “Feature Safe: yes”) must be added to the commit message.
The Ports Management Team will send out warning messages to the FreeBSD ports mailing list and FreeBSD committer's mailing list announcing the start of the impending release, usually two or three weeks in advance. The exact starting time will not be determined until a few days before the actual release. This is because the ports slush has to be synchronized with the release, and it is usually not known until then when exactly the release will be rolled.
When the slush starts, there will be another announcement to the FreeBSD ports mailing list and FreeBSD committer's mailing list, of course.
A few hours after the release, the Ports Management Team will send out a mail to the FreeBSD ports mailing list and FreeBSD committer's mailing list announcing the end of the ports freeze or slush. Note that the release being cut does not automatically indicate the end of the freeze. We have to make sure there will be no last minute snafus that result in an immediate re-rolling of the release.
Please see
Proposing a New Category in the Porter's Handbook.
Once that procedure has been followed and the PR has been assigned to Ports
Management Team <portmgr@FreeBSD.org>, it is their
decision whether or not to approve it. If they do, it is their responsibility
to do the following:
Perform any needed moves. (This only applies to physical categories.)
Update the VALID_CATEGORIES definition in ports/Mk/bsd.port.mk.
Assign the PR back to you.
Upgrade each moved port's Makefile. Do not connect the new category to the build yet.
To do this, you will need to:
Change the port's CATEGORIES (this was the point of the exercise, remember?) The new category should be listed first. This will help to ensure that the PKGORIGIN is correct.
Run a make describe. Since the top-level make index that you will be running in a few steps is an iteration of make describe over the entire ports hierarchy, catching any errors here will save you having to re-run that step later on.
If you want to be really thorough, now might be a good time to run portlint(1).
Check that the PKGORIGINs are correct. The ports system uses each port's CATEGORIES entry to create its PKGORIGIN, which is used to connect installed packages to the port directory they were built from. If this entry is wrong, common port tools like pkg_version(1) and portupgrade(1) fail.
To do this, use the chkorigin.sh tool, as follows: env PORTSDIR=/path/to/ports sh -e /path/to/ports/Tools/scripts/chkorigin.sh . This will check every port in the ports tree, even those not connected to the build, so you can run it directly after the move operation. Hint: do not forget to look at the PKGORIGINs of any slave ports of the ports you just moved!
On your own local system, test the proposed changes: first, comment out the SUBDIR entries in the old ports' categories' Makefiles; then enable building the new category in ports/Makefile. Run make checksubdirs in the affected category directories to check the SUBDIR entries. Next, in the ports/ directory, run make index. This can take over 40 minutes on even modern systems; however, it is a necessary step to prevent problems for other people.
Once this is done, you can commit the updated ports/Makefile to connect the new category to the build and also commit the Makefile changes for the old category or categories.
Add appropriate entries to ports/MOVED.
Update the documentation by modifying the following:
the list of categories in the Porter's Handbook
www/en/ports/categories. Note that these are now displayed by sub-groups, as specified in www/en/ports/categories.descriptions.
(Note: these are in the docs, not the ports, repository). If you are not a docs committer, you will need to submit a PR for this.
Only once all the above have been done, and no one is any longer reporting problems with the new ports, should the old ports be deleted from their previous locations in the repository.
It is not necessary to manually update the ports web pages to reflect the new category. This is now done automatically via your change to www/en/ports/categories and the daily automated rebuild of INDEX.
This is much simpler than a physical category. You only need to modify the following:
the list of categories in the Porter's Handbook
www/en/ports/categories
First, go check http://pointyhat.FreeBSD.org/errorlogs/. There you will find error logs from the latest package building runs on all supported platforms for the most recent branches.
However, just because the port does not show up there does not mean it is building correctly. (One of the dependencies may have failed, for instance.) The relevant directories are available on pointyhat under /a/portbuild/<arch>/<major_version> so feel free to dig around. Each architecture and version has the following subdirectories:
errors error logs from latest <major_version> run on <arch> logs all logs from latest <major_version> run on <arch> packages packages from latest <major_version> run on <arch> bak/errors error logs from last complete <major_version> run on <arch> bak/logs all logs from last complete <major_version> run on <arch> bak/packages packages from last complete <major_version> run on <arch>
Basically, if the port shows up in packages, or it is in logs but not in errors, it built fine. (The errors directories are what you get from the web page.)
No, INDEX is no longer stored in the SVN repository. The file can either be generated by running make index, or a pre-generated version can be downloaded with make fetchindex.
Any file directly under ports/, or any file under a subdirectory that starts with an uppercase letter (Mk/, Tools/, etc.). In particular, the Ports Management Team is very protective of ports/Mk/bsd.port*.mk so do not commit changes to those files unless you want to face his wra(i)th.
13.7.4. What is the proper procedure for updating the checksum for a port's distfile when the file changes without a version change?
When the checksum for a port's distfile is updated due to the author updating the file without changing the port's revision, the commit message should include a summary of the relevant diffs between the original and new distfile to ensure that the distfile has not been corrupted or maliciously altered. If the current version of the port has been in the ports tree for a while, a copy of the old distfile will usually be available on the ftp servers; otherwise the author or maintainer should be contacted to find out why the distfile has changed.
A few people who have access to the FreeBSD machines do not have commit bits. For instance, the project is willing to give access to the GNATS database to contributors who have shown interest and dedication in working on Problem Reports.
Almost all of this document will apply to these developers as well (except things specific to commits and the mailing list memberships that go with them). In particular, we recommend that you read:
Note: You should get your mentor to add you to the “Additional Contributors” (doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/contributors/contrib.additional.xml), if you are not already listed there.
Unfortunately, there are not many perks involved with being a committer. Recognition as a competent software engineer is probably the only thing that will be of benefit in the long run. However, there are at least some perks:
As a committer, you may apply to Jun Kuriyama <kuriyama@FreeBSD.org> for direct access
to cvsup-master.FreeBSD.org, providing the public key
output from cvpasswd yourusername@FreeBSD.org freefall.FreeBSD.org.
Please note: you must specify freefall.FreeBSD.org on the
cvpasswd command line even though the actual server
is cvsup-master. Access to cvsup-master should not be overused as it is a busy
machine.
FreeBSD committers can get a free 4-CD or DVD set at conferences from FreeBSD Mall, Inc.. The sets are no longer available as a subscription due to the high shipment costs to countries outside the USA.
FreeBSD developers may request a cloaked hostmask for their account on the
Freenode IRC network in the form of freebsd/developer/freefall name or freebsd/developer/NickServ name.
To request a cloak, send an email to Eitan Adler <eadler@FreeBSD.org> with your
requested hostmask and NickServ account name.
From now on, every new vendor release of that file will need to have patches merged in by hand.
From now on, every new vendor release of that file will need to have patches verified by hand.
The -j option does not work very well. Ask David
O'Brien <obrien@FreeBSD.org> for horror
stories.
To add a file onto a branch, simply checkout or update to the branch you want to add to and then add the file using the add operation as you normally would. This works fine for the doc and ports trees. The src tree uses SVN and requires more care because of the mergeinfo properties. See section 1.4.6 of the Subversion Primer for details. Refer to SubversionPrimer/Merging for details on how to perform an MFC.
As well as including an informative message with each commit you may need to include some additional information as well.
This information consists of one or more lines containing the key word or phrase, a colon, tabs for formatting, and then the additional information.
The key words or phrases are:
| PR: | The problem report (if any) which is affected (typically, by being closed) by this commit. |
| Submitted by: | The name and e-mail address of the person that submitted the fix; for committers, just the username on the FreeBSD cluster. |
| Reviewed by: | The name and e-mail address of the person or people that reviewed the change; for committers, just the username on the FreeBSD cluster. If a patch was submitted to a mailing list for review, and the review was favorable, then just include the list name. |
| Approved by: | The name and e-mail address of the person or people that approved the change; for committers, just the username on the FreeBSD cluster. It is customary to get prior approval for a commit if it is to an area of the tree to which you do not usually commit. In addition, during the run up to a new release all commits must be approved by the release engineering team. If these are your first commits then you should have passed them past your mentor first, and you should list your mentor, as in ``username-of-mentor (mentor)''. |
| Obtained from: | The name of the project (if any) from which the code was obtained. |
| MFC after: | If you wish to receive an e-mail reminder to MFC at a later date, specify the number of days, weeks, or months after which an MFC is planned. |
| Security: | If the change is related to a security vulnerability or security exposure, include one or more references or a description of the issue. |
Example 1. Commit log for a commit based on a PR
You want to commit a change based on a PR submitted by John Smith containing a patch. The end of the commit message should look something like this.
... PR: foo/12345 Submitted by: John Smith <John.Smith@example.com>
Example 2. Commit log for a commit needing review
You want to change the virtual memory system. You have posted patches to the appropriate mailing list (in this case, freebsd-arch) and the changes have been approved.
... Reviewed by: -arch
Example 3. Commit log for a commit needing approval
You want to commit a change to a section of the tree with a MAINTAINER assigned. You have collaborated with the listed MAINTAINER, who has told you to go ahead and commit.
... Approved by: abc
Where abc is the account name of the person who approved.
Example 4. Commit log for a commit bringing in code from OpenBSD
You want to commit some code based on work done in the OpenBSD project.
... Obtained from: OpenBSD
Example 5. Commit log for a change to FreeBSD-CURRENT with a planned commit to FreeBSD-STABLE to follow at a later date.
You want to commit some code which will be merged from FreeBSD-CURRENT into the FreeBSD-STABLE branch after two weeks.
... MFC after: 2 weeks
Where 2 is the number of days, weeks, or months after which an MFC is planned. The weeks option may be day, days, week, weeks, month, months, or may be left off (in which case, days will be assumed).
In some cases you may need to combine some of these.
Consider the situation where a user has submitted a PR containing code from the NetBSD project. You are looking at the PR, but it is not an area of the tree you normally work in, so you have decided to get the change reviewed by the arch mailing list. Since the change is complex, you opt to MFC after one month to allow adequate testing.
The extra information to include in the commit would look something like
PR: foo/54321 Submitted by: John Smith <John.Smith@example.com> Reviewed by: -arch Obtained from: NetBSD MFC after: 1 month
people.FreeBSD.org is the same as freefall.FreeBSD.org. Just create a public_html directory. Anything you place in that directory will automatically be visible under http://people.FreeBSD.org/.
The mailing lists are archived under /g/mail which will show up as /hub/g/mail with pwd(1). This location is accessible from any machine on the FreeBSD cluster.
See the New Account Creation Procedure document on the internal pages.
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The precise path depends on the *default base setting in your supfile. |