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39632 2012-10-01 11:56:00Z gabor $
FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation.
CVSup is a registered trademark of John D. Polstra.
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this document, and the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the designations have been followed by the “™” or the “®” symbol.
The present article assumes a basic understanding of CVSup operation. It documents several delicate issues connected with source synchronization via CVSup, viz. effective solutions to the problem of stale files as well as special source updating cases; which issues are likely to cause apparently inexplicable troubles.
This document is the fruit of the author's attempts to fully understand the
niceties of CVSup & source updating. :-) While the
author has made every effort to make these pages as informative and correct as possible,
he is only human and may have made all sorts of typos, mistakes, etc. He will be
very grateful for any comments and/or suggestions you send to his e-mail
address, <bartequi@neomedia.it>.
If you have visited John Polstra's site and read his FAQ, you may have noticed Question 12 & 13.
When updating any collection of sources (eg /usr/ports), cvsup(1) makes use of the related checkouts file in order to perform the updating process in the most efficient and correct way. In this example (/usr/ports), the related checkouts file is /usr/sup/ports-all/checkouts.cvs:. if your base is /usr.
A checkouts file contains information on the current status of your sources—in a way, a sort of “photograph”. This significant information enables cvsup to retrieve updates most effectively. Further, and maybe more important, it enables cvsup to correctly manage your sources by locally deleting any files no longer present in the repository, thus leaving no stale files on your system. In fact, without a checkouts file, cvsup would not know which files your collection was composed of (cf cvsup(1) and the fallback method for details); as a result, it could not delete on your system those files no longer present in the repository. They would remain on your system (stale files), and might cause you subtle build failures or other trouble. For example, this problem is likely to occur if you first update your ports collection several weeks after you got your installation CD-ROMs.
It is therefore recommended that you adopt the two-step procedure outlined in the CVSup FAQ (cf Q12, Q13); in subsequent sections, you will be given interesting and instructive concrete examples.
Alternatively, in order to examine your sources for inconsistencies, you may wish to utilize the cvsupchk python script; which script is currently found in /usr/ports/net/cvsup/work/cvsup-16.1/contrib/cvsupchk, together with a nice README. Prerequisites:
/usr/ports/net/cvsup # make extract
python (also found in the ports collection :-))
a checkouts file for your collection of sources.
If you are updating your sources for the very first time, of course you do not have a checkouts file. After installing python and updating your sources (eg /usr/ports), you can check them thus:
% /path/to/cvsupchk -d /usr -c /usr/sup/ports-all/checkouts.cvs:. | more
If you want to check your RELENG_4 sources:
% /path/to/cvsupchk -d /usr -c /usr/sup/src-all/checkouts.cvs:RELENG_4 | more
In each case, cvsupchk will inspect your sources for inconsistencies by utilizing the information contained in the related checkouts file. Such anomalies as deleted files being present (aka stale files), missing checked-out files, extra RCS files, and dead directories will be printed to standard output.
In the next section, we will provide important, typical examples of source updating; which examples will show you the role of checkouts files and the dangers of negligent source management.
If you specify eg tag=A in your supfile, cvsup will create a checkouts file called checkouts.cvs:A: for instance, if tag=RELENG_4, a checkouts file called checkouts.cvs:RELENG_4 is generated. This file will be used to retrieve and/or store information identifying your 4-STABLE sources.
When tracking src-all, if you wish to pass from tag=A to tag=B (A less/greater than B not making any difference) and if your checkouts file is checkouts.cvs:A, the following actions should be performed:
# mv checkouts.cvs:A checkouts.cvs:B (This provides the subsequent step with the appropriate checkouts file)
write a supfile whose collection line reads:
src-all tag=B
cvsup your sources using the new supfile.
The cvsup utility will look for checkouts.cvs:B—in that the target is B; that is, cvsup will make use of the information contained therein to correctly manage your sources.
The benefits:
the sources are dealt with correctly (in particular, no stale files)
less load is placed on the server, in that cvsup operates in the most efficient way.
For example, A=RELENG_4, B=.. The period in B=. means -CURRENT. This is a rather typical update, from 4-STABLE to -CURRENT. While it is straightforward to “downgrade” your sources (e.g., from -CURRENT to -STABLE), downgrading a system is quite another matter. You are STRONGLY advised not to attempt such an operation, unless you know exactly what you are doing.
If you wish to switch from tag=A to tag=A as of a different GMT date (say, date=D), you will execute the following:
write a supfile whose collection line reads:
src-all tag=A date=D
update your sources using the new supfile
Whether the new date precedes that of the last sync operation with tag=A or not, it is immaterial. For example, in order to specify the date “August 27, 2000, 10:00:00 GMT” you write the line:
src-all tag=RELENG_4 date=2000.08.27.10.00.00
Note: The format of a date is rigid. You have to specify all the components of the date: century (“20”, i.e., the 21st century, must be supplied whereas “19”, the past century, can be omitted), year, month, day, hour, minutes, seconds—as shown in the above example. For more information, please see cvsup(1).
Whether or not a date is specified, the checkouts file is called checkouts.cvs:A (e.g., checkouts.cvs:RELENG_4). As a result, no particular action is needed in order to revert to the previous state: you have to modify the date in the supfile, and run csvup again.
If you want to “sync” your ports tree for the first time you should use a tag that matches your FreeBSD installation. E.g., if you have installed the Ports Collection during the installation of FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE the following should be used:
ports-all tag=RELEASE_5_3_0The cvsup program will create a ports checkout file, which is precisely the goal of the first special sync operation. Now we can use the “.” tag to update the tree whenever we feel it should be updated:
ports-all tag=.All subsequent updates will be carried out smoothly.
If you have been reading the apparently nit-picking remarks in these sections, you will probably have recognized the potential for trouble in a source updating process. A number of people have actually run into problems. You have been warned. :-)