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dump ¤Ë¤Ï AT&T UNIX ¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó 6 (¤ª¤è¤½ 1975 ǯ) ¤Î½é´ü¤«¤é»Ä¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ëÊʤ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥Ñ¥é¥á¥¿¤Ï¡¢¸½ºßÍøÍѲÄǽ¤Ê¹âÌ©ÅÙ¥á¥Ç¥£¥¢ (ºÇÂç 62,182 ftpi) ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢9 ¥È¥é¥Ã¥¯¥Æ¡¼¥× (6250 bpi) ¤ËºÇŬ¤ÊÃͤȤʤäƤ¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¸½ºß¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ÎÍÆÎ̤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢ ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥ÈÃͤò¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¤Ç¾å½ñ¤¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
rdump ¤È rrestore ¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¾¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯·Ðͳ¤Ç¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹¡£ ¤É¤Á¤é¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤â¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë rcmd ¤ª¤è¤Ó ruserok ¤Ë°Í¸¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤Î .rhosts ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ rdump ¤ª¤è¤Ó rrestore ¤Î°ú¿ô¤Ï¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤ËŬÀڤʤâ¤Î¤òÍѤ¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ FreeBSD ¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤«¤é komodo ¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë Sun ¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë Exabyte ¥Æ¡¼¥×¤Ø rdump ¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
# /sbin/rdump 0dsbfu 54000 13000 126 komodo:/dev/nsa8 /dev/da0a 2>&1
Ãí°Õ: .rhosts ǧ¾Ú¤òµö²Ä¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¥»¥¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë°ÅÌۤβ¾Ä꤬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤ÎÃÖ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾õ¶·¤òÃí°Õ¿¼¤¯Ä´¤Ù¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
ssh ±Û¤·¤Ë dump ¤È restore ¤ò¤è¤ê°ÂÁ´¤Ê·Á¤Ç»È¤¦¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
例 16-1. ssh ±Û¤·¤Î dump ¤ÎÍøÍÑ
# /sbin/dump -0uan -f - /usr | gzip -2 | ssh1 -c blowfish \ targetuser@targetmachine.example.com dd of=/mybigfiles/dump-usr-l0.gz
¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¡¢´Ä¶ÊÑ¿ô RSH ¤òÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¡¢ dump ¤ÎÁȤ߹þ¤ßµ¡Ç½¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¡£
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tar ¤Î¿¤¯¤ÎÈǤϥͥåȥ¥¯·Ðͳ¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤Ë¤ÏÂбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ FreeBSD ¤¬»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë GNU ÈǤΠtar ¤Ï¡¢ rdump ¤ÈƱ¤¸¹½Ê¸¤Ç¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ËÂбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ komodo ¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë Sun ¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤¿ Exabyte ¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ËÂФ·¤Æ tar ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
# /usr/bin/tar cf komodo:/dev/nsa8 . 2>&1
¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ËÂбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤ÈǤËÂФ·¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¥Ñ¥¤¥×¥é¥¤¥ó¤È rsh ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ë¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤òÁ÷¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
# tar cf - . | rsh hostname dd of=tape-device obs=20b
¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤ò±Û¤¨¤¿¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤Î¥»¥¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¤ò·üÇ°¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Ê¤é¡¢ rsh ¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë ssh ¤ò»È¤¦¤Ù¤¤Ç¤¹¡£
cpio(1) ¤ÏËÜÍè UNIX ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¼§µ¤¥á¥Ç¥£¥¢¤Ç¸ò´¹¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ç¤¹¡£ cpio ¤Ï¥Ð¥¤¥È¥¹¥ï¥Ã¥Ô¥ó¥°¡¢ ¿¤¯¤Î°Û¤Ê¤ë¥¢¡¼¥«¥¤¥Ö¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤Î½ñ¤¹þ¤ß¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¤¢¤ê (¤½¤ì°Ê³°¤Ë¤â¿¿ô¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹)¡¢ ¥Ñ¥¤¥×¤Ç¾¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ë¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤òÅϤ¹¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤³¤ÎºÇ¸å¤Ë¤¢¤²¤¿ÆÃħ¤¬¡¢cpio ¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¥á¥Ç¥£¥¢¤È¤·¤Æ¤ÏÍ¥¤ì¤¿ÁªÂò»è¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ cpio ¤Ï¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤Îõº÷¤Îµ¡Ç½¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ï stdin ¤«¤é¤ÎÆþÎϤǤʤ¯¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
cpio ¤Ï¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯·Ðͳ¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤Ë¤ÏÂбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ °Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¥Ñ¥¤¥×¥é¥¤¥ó¤È rsh ¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ë¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤òÁ÷¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
# for f in directory_list; do find $f >> backup.list done # cpio -v -o --format=newc < backup.list | ssh user@host "cat > backup_device"
directory_list ¤Ï¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤·¤¿¤¤¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ç¡¢ user@host ¤Ï¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤¿¤¤¥æ¡¼¥¶¤È¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤ÎÁȤǤ¢¤ê¡¢ backup_device ¤Ï¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤ò½ñ¤¹þ¤ß¤¿¤¤¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ç¤¹ (¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð /dev/nsa0)¡£
pax(1) ¤Ï tar ¤È cpio ¤ËÂФ¹¤ë IEEE/POSIX® ¤Î²óÅú¤Ç¤¹¡£Ä¹Ç¯¤Î´Ö¡¢¤µ¤Þ¤¶¤Þ¤ÊÈǤΠtar ¤È cpio ¤Ï¸ß¤¤¤Ë¤ï¤º¤«¤ËÈó¸ß´¹¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£ ¤½¤ì¤é¤ò¤·¤é¤ßÄÙ¤·¤Ëɸ½à²½¤¹¤ëÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë¡¢POSIX ¤Ï¿·¤·¤¤¥¢¡¼¥«¥¤¥Ö¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£¤òºî¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£ pax ¤Ï¡¢¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤â¤Î cpio ¤ä tar ¤Î¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤ÎÆɤ߽ñ¤¤ËÂбþ¤·¤è¤¦¤È»î¤ß¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Û¤«¡¢ ÀìÍѤ˿·¤·¤¤¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤ò³«È¯¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£ ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É·²¤Ï tar ¤è¤ê¤â cpio ¤ÎÊý¤Ë¤¤¤¯¤Ö¤ó»÷¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
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#!/bin/sh # # create a restore floppy # # format the floppy # PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin fdformat -q fd0 if [ $? -ne 0 ] then echo "Bad floppy, please use a new one" exit 1 fi # place boot blocks on the floppy # disklabel -w -B /dev/fd0c fd1440 # # newfs the one and only partition # newfs -t 2 -u 18 -l 1 -c 40 -i 5120 -m 5 -o space /dev/fd0a # # mount the new floppy # mount /dev/fd0a /mnt # # create required directories # mkdir /mnt/dev mkdir /mnt/bin mkdir /mnt/sbin mkdir /mnt/etc mkdir /mnt/root mkdir /mnt/mnt # for the root partition mkdir /mnt/tmp mkdir /mnt/var # # populate the directories # if [ ! -x /sys/compile/MINI/kernel ] then cat << EOM The MINI kernel does not exist, please create one. Here is an example config file: # # MINI -- A kernel to get FreeBSD onto a disk. # machine "i386" cpu "I486_CPU" ident MINI maxusers 5 options INET # needed for _tcp _icmpstat _ipstat # _udpstat _tcpstat _udb options FFS #Berkeley Fast File System options FAT_CURSOR #block cursor in syscons or pccons options SCSI_DELAY=15 #Be pessimistic about Joe SCSI device options NCONS=2 #1 virtual consoles options USERCONFIG #Allow user configuration with -c XXX config kernel root on da0 swap on da0 and da1 dumps on da0 device isa0 device pci0 device fdc0 at isa? port "IO_FD1" bio irq 6 drq 2 vector fdintr device fd0 at fdc0 drive 0 device ncr0 device scbus0 device sc0 at isa? port "IO_KBD" tty irq 1 vector scintr device npx0 at isa? port "IO_NPX" irq 13 vector npxintr device da0 device da1 device da2 device sa0 pseudo-device loop # required by INET pseudo-device gzip # Exec gzipped a.out's EOM exit 1 fi cp -f /sys/compile/MINI/kernel /mnt gzip -c -best /sbin/init > /mnt/sbin/init gzip -c -best /sbin/fsck > /mnt/sbin/fsck gzip -c -best /sbin/mount > /mnt/sbin/mount gzip -c -best /sbin/halt > /mnt/sbin/halt gzip -c -best /sbin/restore > /mnt/sbin/restore gzip -c -best /bin/sh > /mnt/bin/sh gzip -c -best /bin/sync > /mnt/bin/sync cp /root/.profile /mnt/root cp -f /dev/MAKEDEV /mnt/dev chmod 755 /mnt/dev/MAKEDEV chmod 500 /mnt/sbin/init chmod 555 /mnt/sbin/fsck /mnt/sbin/mount /mnt/sbin/halt chmod 555 /mnt/bin/sh /mnt/bin/sync chmod 6555 /mnt/sbin/restore # # create the devices nodes # cd /mnt/dev ./MAKEDEV std ./MAKEDEV da0 ./MAKEDEV da1 ./MAKEDEV da2 ./MAKEDEV sa0 ./MAKEDEV pty0 cd / # # create minimum file system table # cat > /mnt/etc/fstab <<EOM /dev/fd0a / ufs rw 1 1 EOM # # create minimum passwd file # cat > /mnt/etc/passwd <<EOM root:*:0:0:Charlie &:/root:/bin/sh EOM cat > /mnt/etc/master.passwd <<EOM root::0:0::0:0:Charlie &:/root:/bin/sh EOM chmod 600 /mnt/etc/master.passwd chmod 644 /mnt/etc/passwd /usr/sbin/pwd_mkdb -d/mnt/etc /mnt/etc/master.passwd # # umount the floppy and inform the user # /sbin/umount /mnt echo "The floppy has been unmounted and is now ready."
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